Which of the following instances falls under the Fair Use Doctrine?

The Fair Use Doctrine allows for limited use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the rights holders, and it serves to promote the progress of science and useful arts by enabling criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, and research. Among the instances presented, reviewing a book, movie, or TV program is a quintessential example of fair use.

When someone writes a review, they are not reproducing the entire work but rather offering commentary or criticism based on it. This practice is protected under the Fair Use Doctrine because it falls under the categories of criticism and commentary, and it usually utilizes only excerpts or specific elements of the original work to convey opinions or assessments. This transformative use of the material also supports the doctrine's purpose of fostering public discourse and discussion around creative works.

In contrast, using a full chapter of a book in a report would not typically be considered fair use, as it reproduces a significant portion of the original work without transforming or commenting on it. Similarly, reprinting articles in full without permission would violate copyright protections, as would creating a DVD from a copyrighted film, both of which involve unauthorized duplications of protected works.