What term best describes the conversion of reflected rays from a subject or scene into electrical impulses?

The term that best describes the conversion of reflected rays from a subject or scene into electrical impulses is "television." In television technology, the process includes capturing and converting the light reflected from objects via a camera into electrical signals. These signals represent the visual data and are then processed to create a television image. This is a fundamental aspect of how video production works, encompassing both the technical aspect of capturing images and the transmission of those images for viewing.

In contrast, the other options relate to different processes and technologies. Projection involves displaying an image onto a surface from a light source, filming refers to the act of recording moving images on film or digital media, and broadcasting pertains to the distribution of audio and video content over a distance through electronic means, which follows the initial conversion process. Each of these options involves distinct concepts that do not capture the essence of converting reflected light into electrical signals like television does.